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IT-Shaped Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities and Threats Foundation – T-CVTF

Official Preparatory Course for the IT-Shaped Exam

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Sobre o Curso

In this course, you will learn the principles and fundamentals of Cybersecurity analysis in an organization.

You will understand the basic terminology, learn about cybersecurity tools and devices, and the main attacks, vulnerabilities, and cyber threats, from Malware to Social Engineering, including Application Attacks, Network Attacks, Threat Actors, and understanding the fundamentals of Protocols and Networks.

Público Alvo

Professionals and students who wish to become Cybersecurity analysts, being able to develop and apply an effective Cybersecurity strategy to protect against threat actors in an organization, avoiding problems and vulnerabilities.

Exame e Certificação

This course is preparatory for the official IT-Shaped T-CVTF certification exam.

Exam languages: Portuguese and English
Number of questions: 40 questions
Exam duration: 1 hour
Passing score: 65% (26/40)
Difficulty level: Easy
Prerequisites: IT-Shaped strongly recommends the T-CVTF preparatory course
Open book exam: No
Exam format: Online

Sobre o Instrutor

15 anos de excelência em treinamento com mais de 71.000 alunos aprovados.

Adriano é um ITIL Master, consultor e autor de 6 livros, trazendo 25 anos de experiência e mais de 50 certificações em Gestão de TI, Segurança e Governança. Como líder da maior comunidade de ITSM e DPSM (mais de 220 mil inscritos no YouTube), ele combina seu MBA pela FGV — uma das melhores escolas de negócios do mundo — com uma especialização em Neurociência para orientar uma rede global de mais de 71.000 alunos. Sua missão é clara: desmistificar a gestão complexa e transformar conhecimento técnico em valor tangível e impacto no mercado.

Adriano Martins Antonio, ITIL 4 Master

Tradutor oficial do Guia ITIL Foundation (Versão 5)

Conteúdo

Cybersecurity Definitions
Difference between Information Security and Cybersecurity
Digital Transformation
Social Changes
Changes in the Economic Model
Political Changes
Attackers Almost Always Win
The Role of Cybersecurity
CIA Triad Principles in IT Infrastructures
Confidentiality Principle of the CIA Triad
Security Controls that Ensure Confidentiality
Why Control Data Confidentiality?
Specific Cybersecurity Controls for Data Confidentiality
The Role of Cryptography in the Confidentiality Principle
The Role of Steganography in the Confidentiality Principle
Integrity Principle of the CIA Triad
About Data Integrity and Intellectual Property Assets
Why Control Data Integrity?
The Role of Hashing in the Integrity Principle
Practical Examples of Using the Integrity Principle
Other Means of Integrity besides Hashing
Availability Principle of the CIA Triad
Characteristics of the Availability Principle
Solutions to Ensure Availability
Lesson Exercise – Cybersecurity Principles

Cybersecurity Concepts
Types of Security
Physical Security
Communications Security
Computer Security
Network Security
Basics of Information Security Principles
Least Privilege
Separation of Duties
Job Rotation
Need to Know Concept
Layered Security (Defense in Depth)
Defense Diversity
Due Diligence and Due Care
Vulnerability and Exploit
Lesson Exercise – Cybersecurity Concepts

Basics of Network Devices
Hub
How a Hub Works
Switch
How a Switch Works
Port Security
Ability to Disable Ports
Collision Domains
VLAN
Looking at VLANs on a Switch
Router
Load Balancer
DNS Round-Robin
Firewalls
Proxy Servers
Lesson Exercise – Network Devices

Understanding Network Cabling
Twisted Pair Cable
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
Images of Cable Types
Straight-Through Cabling
Crossover Cabling
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cabling
Fiber Optic Cable
Types of Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber Optic Cable – Characteristics
Images of Connector Types
Summary of Cable Types
Lesson Exercise – Network Cabling

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
Address Classes
Class A Addresses
Class B Addresses
Class C Addresses
Class D Addresses
Class E Addresses
Reviewing Address Classes
Special Addresses
Invalid Addresses
Lesson Exercise – Application Layer Protocols and Network Security Best Practices

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
TCP Three-Way Handshake
Three-Way Handshake Wireshark
Disconnecting (politely) from a TCP Session
Terminating Connection Wireshark
Disconnecting (rudely) from a TCP Session
TCP Flags
TCP Ports
TCP Header
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
UDP Header
Internet Protocol (IP)
IP Header
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
ICMP Types and Codes
ICMP Header
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Lesson Exercise – What is the TCP Protocol for?

HTTP e HTTPS
DNS
SMTP
POP3
IMAP4
SNMP
FTP
TFTP
SFTP
Telnet
SSH
SCP
NTP
LDAP
NetBIOS
Protocolos de Armazenamento de Rede
Entendendo o IPv6
Endereços IPv6
Implicações do IPv6
Segurança Física
Não Use Hubs
Configurar Senhas
Use a Segurança da Porta
Usar VLANs
Uso de Cabo e Protocolo
Exercício Aula – Fundamentos do Endereço IP

Attacks
Malware
Ransomware
Trojans
Worms
Potentially Unwanted Program (PUP)
Fileless Virus
Command and Control
Bots
Crypto-Malware
Logic Bombs
Spyware
Keyloggers
Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
Rootkits
Backdoors
Lesson Exercise – Malware

Password Attacks
Spraying
Dictionary
Brute Force
Offline
Online
Rainbow Tables
Plaintext/Unencrypted
Physical Attacks
Malicious Universal Serial Bus (USB) Cable
Malicious Flash Drives
Card Cloning
Skimming
Adversarial Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Tainted Training Data for Machine Learning (ML)
Security of Machine Learning Algorithms
Supply Chain Attacks
Cloud-Based vs. On-Premises Attacks
Cryptographic Attacks
Birthday Attack
Collision Attack
Downgrade
Lesson Exercise – Cyberattacks

What is Social Engineering?
Social Engineering Methods
First Method – Willingness to Help
Second Method – Creating a Hostile Situation
Key Characteristics of Social Engineering
Social Engineering Tools
Phishing
Smishing
Vishing
Spam
Spam Over Instant Messaging (SPIM)
Spear Phishing
Dumpster Diving
Shoulder Surfing
Pharming
Tailgating
Eliciting Information
Whaling
Prepending
Identity Fraud
Invoice Scams
Credential Harvesting
Hoax
Watering Hole
Typosquatting
Pretexting
Influence Campaigns
Principles (Reasons for Effectiveness)
Authority
Intimidation
Consensus
Scarcity
Familiarity
Trust
Urgency
Recognition
Impersonation
Third-Party Authorization
Third-Party Employees
Personification
Defenses
Urban Legend?
Lesson Exercise – Social Engineering

Privilege Escalation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Injection Attacks
SQL Injection
Dynamic Link Library (DLL)
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Pointer/Object Dereference
Directory Traversal Attack
Buffer Overflow
Race Condition
Time of Check / Time of Use
Improper Error Handling
Improper Input Handling
Replay Attacks
Session Replay
Integer Overflow
Request Forgery
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Cross-Site Request Forgery (XSRF/CSRF)
Application Programming Interface (API) Attacks
Resource Exhaustion
Memory Leak
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Stripping
Driver Manipulation
Shimming
Refactoring
Pass the Hash
Lesson Exercise – Application Attacks

Wireless
Jamming Attack
Evil Twin Attack
Rogue Access Point
Bluejacking
Bluesnarfing
Disassociation Attacks
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Near-Field Communication (NFC)
Initialization Vector (IV)
Man-In-The-Middle
Man-In-The-Middle Attack
Layer 2 Attacks
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Poisoning
Media Access Control (MAC) Flooding
MAC Cloning
Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Hijacking
Poisoning
DNS Poisoning
Universal Resource Locator (URL) Redirection
Domain Reputation
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
DDoS Protection
SYN Flood
SYN Flooding in Action
DDoS Attack Vector
Application DDoS
Operational Technology (OT)
Malicious Code and Script Execution
PowerShell
Python
Bash
Macros
Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
Lesson Exercise – Network Attack Indicators

What are Threats and Vectors?
Hacking and Actors
Degrees of Sophistication and Actors
Advanced Persistent Threats (APT)
Insider Threats
State Actors
Hacktivists
Script Kiddies
Criminal Syndicates
Hackers
Authorized
Unauthorized
Semi-Authorized
Shadow IT
Competitors
Actor Attributes
Internal/External
Level of Sophistication/Capability
Resources/Funding
Intent/Motivation
Lesson Exercise – Cyber Threat Actors

Vectors
Direct Access
Wireless
Email
Supply Chain
Social Media
Removable Media
Cloud
Threat Intelligence Sources
Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT)
Closed or Proprietary Tools
Vulnerability Databases
Information Sharing Centers (Public/Private)
Dark Web
Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)
Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS)
STIX and TAXII
Predictive Analysis
Threat Maps
File/Code Repositories
Research Sources
Vendor Websites
Vulnerability Feeds
Threat Feeds
Conferences
Academic Journals
Request for Comments (RFC)
Local Industry Groups
Social Media
Adversary Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP)
Lesson Exercise – Vectors and Intelligence Sources

Why do Vulnerabilities exist?
Reasons for Vulnerabilities
Types of Vulnerabilities
Cloud-Based vs. On-Premises Vulnerabilities
Zero-Day
Weak Configurations
Open Permissions
Unsecure Root Accounts
Errors
Weak Encryption
Unsecure Protocols
Default Settings
Open Ports and Services
Third-Party Risks
Third-Party Care
Vendor Management
System Integration
Lack of Vendor Support
Supply Chain
Outsourced Code Development
Data Storage
Weak or Inadequate Patch Management
Firmware
Operating System (OS)
Applications
Legacy Systems
Consequences of Vulnerability
Data Loss
Data Breaches
Data Exfiltration
Identity Theft
Financial
Reputation
Loss of Availability
Lesson Exercise – Exploiting Vulnerabilities

Threat Hunting
Intelligence Fusion
Threat Feeds
Advisories and Bulletins
Maneuver
Vulnerability Scans
False Positives
False Negatives
Log Reviews
Credentialed vs. Non-Credentialed
Intrusive vs. Non-Intrusive
Application Scanning
Web Application Scanning
Network Scanning
Configuration Scanning
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) / Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS)
Syslog / SIEM
Report Review
Packet Capture
Data Inputs
User Behavior Analysis
Sentiment Analysis
Security Monitoring
Log Aggregation
Log Collectors
Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR)
Lesson Exercise – Syslog
Lesson Exercise – Threat Hunting and Vulnerability Scans

What is Penetration Testing?
Basic Penetration Testing Process
Known Environment
Unknown Environment
Partially Known Environment
Rules of Engagement
Lateral Movement
Privilege Escalation
Horizontal and Vertical Escalation
Persistence
Cleanup
Bug Bounty
Pivoting
Passive and Active Reconnaissance
Drones
War Flying
War Driving
Footprinting
OSINT
Exercise Types
Red Team
Blue Team
White Team
Purple Team
Lesson Exercise – Pentest

What is Enterprise Security Architecture?
Configuration Management
Diagrams
Baseline Configuration
Baseline Operation
Standard Naming Conventions
IP Class and CIDR Notation
Data Sovereignty
Data Protection
Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
Masking
Encryption
At Rest
Data in Transit/Motion
In Processing
Tokenization
Rights Management
Response and Recovery Controls
Geographic Considerations
Site Resilience / Recovery Sites
Hot Site
Cold Site
Warm Site
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) Inspection
How Inspection Works
Hashing
API Considerations
Deception and Disruption
Honeypots
Honeynets
Fake Telemetry
Honeyfile
DNS Sinkhole
Lesson Exercise – Enterprise Security Architecture

Cloud Models
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Anything as a Service (XaaS)
Level of Control in Hosting Models
Public
Community
Private
Hybrid
Cloud Service Providers (CSP)
Managed Service Provider (MSP) / Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP)
On-Premises vs. Off-Premises
Fog Computing
Edge Computing
Thin Client
Containers
Microservices/API
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
Software-Defined Visibility (SDV)
Serverless Architecture
Service Integration
Transit Gateway
Resource Policies
Virtualization
Type I Hypervisor
Type II Hypervisor
Virtual Machine (VM) Sprawl Avoidance
VM Escape Protection
Lesson Exercise – Cloud and Virtualization

Software Development
Environment
Development
Testing
Staging
Production
Quality Assurance (QA)
Provisioning and Deprovisioning
Integrity Measurement
Secure Coding Techniques
Normalization
A rose is a rose is ar%6fse
Stored Procedures
Obfuscation/Camouflage
Code Reuse and Dead Code
Server-Side vs. Client-Side Execution and Validation
Memory Management
Use of Third-Party Libraries and Software Development Kits (SDKs)
Data Exposure
Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)
Software Diversity
Compilers
Binaries
Automation/Scripting
Automated Courses of Action
Continuous Monitoring
Continuous Validation
Continuous Integration
Continuous Delivery
Continuous Deployment
Elasticity
Scalability
Version Control
Lesson Exercise – Secure Software Development, OWASP, Software Diversity, and Automation

Authentication Methods
Directory Services
Federation
Attestation
Technologies
Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP)
HMAC-Based One-Time Password (HOTP)
Short Message Service (SMS)
Token Key
Static Codes
Authentication Apps
Push Notifications
Phone Call
Smart Card Authentication
Biometrics
Fingerprint
Retina
Iris
Facial Recognition
Voice Recognition
Vein
Gait Analysis
Efficacy Rates
False Acceptance
False Rejection
Crossover Error Rate
Multi-Factor Authentication Factors and Attributes
Factors
Something You Know
Something You Have
Something You Are
Attributes
Somewhere You Are
Something You Can Do
Something You Exhibit
Someone You Know
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)
Cloud vs. On-Premises Requirements
Lesson Exercise – Authentication Methods and Biometrics

Resilience
Redundancy
Diversity in Redundancy
Technologies
Vendors
Cryptography
Controls
Disk Redundancy
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Levels
Multipath
Network Redundancy
Load Balancing
Network Interface Card (NIC) Teaming
Power Redundancy
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Generator
Dual Power Supply
Managed Power Distribution Units (PDUs)
Redundancy with Replication
Storage Area Network (SAN)
VM
Local vs. Cloud Redundancy
High Availability
Scalability
Lesson Exercise – Cybersecurity Resilience
Backup Types
Full
Differential
Incremental
Backup Summary
Restoration Order
Online vs. Offline Backup
Snapshots
Image
Non-Persistence
Revert to Known State
Last Known Good Configuration
Live Boot Media
Image
Tape Drive
Disk Drive
Copy
Geographic Dispersal
Network-Attached Storage (NAS)
Storage Area Network (SAN)
Advantage: Cloud Storage
Disadvantage: Cloud
Offsite Storage
Distance Considerations
Lesson Exercise – Backup Types

Embedded Systems
Raspberry Pi
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)
Arduino
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) / Industrial Control System (ICS)
SCADA Facilities
Industrial Environments
Manufacturing
Energy
Logistics Systems
Internet of Things (IoT)
Sensors
Smart Devices
Wearables
Securing Wearables
Facility Automation
Weak Default Configurations
Medical Systems
Vehicle Systems
Aircraft Systems
Smart Meters
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Drones
Multifunction Printers (MFDs)
Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)
Surveillance Systems
Communication Considerations
5G
Baseband Radio
Narrowband Radio
SIM Cards and Zigbee
Constraints
Power
Compute
Network
Inability to Patch
Range, Cost, and Implicit Trust
Lesson Exercise – Embedded and Specialized Systems (Lessons 1 and 2)

The Value of Physical Security
Facility Concerns
Lighting and Windows
Doors and Walls
Security Concerns
Physical Access Controls
Fencing and Personnel
Perimeter Fencing
Guards
Sentinel Robots and Reception
Two-Person Integrity/Control (TPI)
Locks and Padlocks
ID Badges, Physical Tokens, and Proximity Readers
Mantrap
Secure Areas
USB Data Blocker
Secure Data Destruction
Physical Access Lists and Logs
Video Surveillance
Drones and Sensor Types
Understanding HVAC
Shielding
Fire Containment
Lesson Exercise – Physical Security

Understanding Cryptography
Substitution Ciphers
Transposition Cipher and Hashing
Authentication, Algorithms, and Keys
Using the Caesar Cipher
Repeating the Key
Vigenère Cipher
Key Strength/Length
Work Factor and One-Time Pad
Cipher Suites
Modes of Operation
Authenticated vs. Unauthenticated
XOR
Salt, IV, and Nonce
Weak/Deprecated Algorithms
Confusion, Diffusion, and Obfuscation
Random/Pseudo-Random Number Generation
Implementation vs. Algorithm Selection
Blockchain
What is it and Why Do We Use Cryptography?
Definitions
Codes and Ciphers: Defining Our Terms
Cryptography, Cryptology, or…?
Building Blocks of Digital Cryptographic Systems
Refactoring
Cryptographic Algorithms
Symmetric Cryptography
Advantages and Disadvantages of Symmetric Cryptography
Symmetric Cryptographic Algorithms
Asymmetric Cryptography
“The Enemy Knows Your System”
Keys and Key Management
Public and Private Keys
Advantages and Disadvantages of Asymmetric Cryptography
Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithms
Quantum Cryptography
Hybrid Cryptosystems
Lightweight Cryptography and Homomorphic Cryptography
Design and Use of Cryptosystems
Cryptanalysis, Ethics, and Unethics
Cryptographic Primitives
Cryptographic Engineering
“Why Isn’t All This Stuff Secret?”
Cryptography and CIANA+PS
Confidentiality
Authentication
Integrity
Non-Repudiation
“But I Didn’t Get That Email…”
Availability
Privacy
Security
Understanding Hashing
Key Points About Hashing
Hash Algorithms
Lesson Exercise – Introduction to Cryptography

T-CVTF Mock Exam 1: 40 questions
T-CVTF Mock Exam 2: 40 questions
T-CVTF Mock Exam 3: 40 questions
T-CVTF Mock Exam 4: 40 questions

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Reviews

Robson Nunes

Netcenter

May 2, 2025

I want to express my gratitude for the excellent course provided. The quality of the content and the dedication were impressive. Every class was enriching and inspiring, and I am very grateful for the opportunity to participate. Your hard work and commitment did not go unnoticed. I look forward to applying what I learned and hope for more exceptional courses like this in the future.